Authored by the Energy Transitions Commission (ETC) | Published April 28, 2025

This report by the ETC—a global coalition advancing the Paris Agreement goals—focuses on decarbonizing buildings, which account for one-third of global CO₂ emissions. The paper outlines a strategy based on electrification (via heat pumps), energy efficiency, and flexible demand. It advises against using hydrogen for space heating, suggesting limited use in district energy systems. The report also emphasizes the importance of eliminating fossil fuels and managing peak electricity demand to accelerate the transition to zero-carbon buildings.

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